Stress and Self Esteem

In ongoing investigations rationalists have examined whether stress and confidence have any relations to each other. Does the impact of a person’s stress influence their confidence? It may appear that an individual with low confidence could be the impacts of an elevated level of pressure. Confidence influences everybody, particularly adolescents. The articles recommend that there might be different elements that impact pressure and confidence. Presentation â€Å"The Merriam-Webster word reference characterizes worry as a physical, compound, or enthusiastic factor that causes substantial or mental pressure and might be a factor in illness causation.It may appear to be befuddling yet everybody has managed worry in the course of their life. Stress is something that isn't analyzed by a specialist, yet when an individual is focused on, they can feel it (R. , Jill, 2012, standard 2). What is confidence? It is simply the feeling you have and your incentive as an individual. Fearless ness is additionally a significant job in confidence. Studies have indicated that there is a negative connection between confidence and stress. It was additionally discovered that confidence seems to control the impacts of weight on mental functioning.Those with low confidence appropriate all the more a higher anxiety than those with a high confidence. By having a high confidence it makes managing pressure simpler. High confidence may shield the person from trouble by permitting the person to feel less powerless and assist them with ascending from troublesome circumstances. High confidence may likewise bring about increasingly dynamic and viable adapting and in improved inspiration in light of pressure (Abel, 1996). People have their own particular manner they manage pressure and their self esteem.Stress and confidence have relations to each other however individuals manage things in an unexpected way. â€Å"Another study inspected confidence as an arbitrator of the impact of appar ent pressure and adapting on indications of misery in an example of 713 undergrads. The outcomes recommend that confidence may assume a significant job in the improvement of burdensome side effects in undergrads through communications with saw pressure and adapting (Eisenbarth, 2012, standard. 1). † If an individual doesn't consider them to be as commendable, or significant, an ascent in stress is probably going to happen (Eisenbarth, 2012).I accept the quality of the connection between the two factors is a medium. Despite the fact that examination proposes that pressure and confidence don't have such a nearby association, I think confidence and stress are firmly associated in light of the fact that each individual handles pressure in an unexpected way. On the off chance that an individual has a significant level of pressure and a low confidence, it might cause their confidence level drop much more. Understudies will in general have a higher feeling of anxiety which could prom pt genuine wretchedness issue. The value-based model of pressure and adapting sent by Lazarus and Folk-man (1984) characterizes worry as a lopsidedness between people’s impression of the requests set upon them and their understanding of the assets accessible to adapt to those requests (Esienbarth, 2012, standard 3).† Those with more elevated levels of confidence may mess with pressure more, while those with low confidence may just observe the contrary sides of the pressure which could make their pressure increase considerably more. â€Å"A United States study shows that forty three percent of grown-ups experience the ill effects of pressure (Hall, 2012, standard 2). On the off chance that an individual has a high confidence and as of late experiences a ton of stress can make the people confidence go from high to low. Having a low confidence can prompt weight increase and sorrow. On the off chance that an individual doesn't get help when enduring pressure or confidence issues, it could inevitably prompt medical issues. Scientists found that there is a solid connection between how somebody adapts to pressure and confidence. Individuals with low confidence are bound to see their conduct as being subject to the circumstance while individuals with high confidence have a more prominent capacity to interface in a wide scope of adapting behaviors.Why do individuals with low confidence see their adapting conduct more as self-subordinate? It has been proposed that confidence impacts adapting on the grounds that it is so firmly identified with individual inclinations which they use for their own disparities and results (Abel, 1996). It might be that people groups adapting styles mirror their confidence, however they could likewise be building a boundary that could make their confidence crash. On the off chance that an individual consistently stresses over their confidence and how to adapt to it, the more pushed and restless they may become.Self regard isn't as significant as self acknowledgment. Numerous individuals contend that confidence and self acknowledgment are something very similar, anyway to certain individuals they dissent (R. , Jill, 2012). Things individuals need to improve is to figure out how to acknowledge themselves for what their identity is and not what you anticipate that yourself should be. Everybody does great and awful things. Stress and confidence are dealt with distinctively by everybody. Building a high confidence can take a very long time to finish and when they face pressure it doesn’t influence them as much as it does an individual with low self esteem.By having high confidence it makes managing circumstances simpler. Individuals with low confidence appear to be bashful, calm, and unsure about themselves and when they have elevated levels of pressure they will in general keep to them self and adapt to it all alone (R. , Jill, 2012). There are a wide range of methods of adapting to pressure since ever ybody has it. Stress is an ordinary circumstance for individuals and everybody manages it their own specific manners. Despite the fact that examination says pressure and confidence have little to do with one another, there have not been a ton of studies to demonstrate it.In end, Stress and confidence have little to do with how individuals manage or see the degrees of worry in their lives. It has more to do with different factors, for example, adapting styles and self idea. The motivation behind this relationship exposition was to explore that individuals with high confidence see themselves to have lower levels of worry than those with low confidence and individuals who have low confidence see themselves to have significant levels of worry than those with high confidence (Eisenbarth, 2012).References Abel, M. H. (1996). Confidence: Moderator of middle person between saw pressure and anticipation of achievement. Mental Reports, 79, 635-641. Eisenbarth, Chris. (2012). Does Self-Esteem Moderate the Relations among Perceived Stress, Coping, and Depression? Undergrad Journal, 46, 149-157. Recovered from http://www. nclive. organization. Lobby, Joanna. (2012). Outfox Stress. Great Health, 72-74. Recovered from http://www. nclive. organization. R. , Jill. (2012) Stress and Self Esteem. Recovered from http://www. ourstressfullives. com

Leadership in Organizations :: management, leadership

1. Explain what is implied by participative administration and recognize three circumstances when participative initiative ought to be utilized to improve representative connections . This specific style is set focus of the five basic strategies for authority in the range of dictatorial, paternalistic, delegative and free rule (or liaise faire) styles of initiative. The U.S. Armed force just systematized the three styles of initiative in their essential administration principle coordinated, participative and delegative. This is on the grounds that it is frequently accepted Soldiers are prepared to the degrees of capability that doesn't require a dictatorial style and simultaneously illogical to permit Soldiers to act under free rule style. The pioneer that utilizes support as ideas are that the untainted administration strategy is one that gets contribution from the aggregate individuals from the group into thought. This strategy includes the pioneer remembering at least one Soldiers for the military dynamic procedure (MDMP) by figuring out what to do and how to do it. These pioneers empower cooperation and commitments from gathering (colleagues) and assist them w ith feeling progressively pertinent and focused on the dynamic procedure. In participative ideas, in any case, the pioneer holds the option to permit the contribution of others. So as to create ideal outcomes, the initiative that uses more gathering oversight versus guides management on a coordinated premise by utilizing a participative style with a group of Soldiers who know their obligations and duties. Included initiative included overseeing bunch gatherings, impacting duty and similarity, and aiding strife and correspondence issues. The advantage to this strategy for initiative is you exhibit trust in your subordinates by demonstrating you are keen on their information. You esteem their thoughts and choices and if time are not an issue; thoughts can be talked about unreservedly and shared by and large in a gathering. This is standard working techniques when you constrained information, and your Soldiers have different parts. Unit initiative Soldiers. Utilizing this style is of shared advantage as it urges them to become individuals from the issue solvers and settle on the best decisions. This is typically utilized when you have some portion of the data, and your Soldiers have different parts. Unit initiative isn't relied upon to know everythingâ€this is the reason you utilize proficient and gifted Soldiers. Utilizing this method is of double advantage as it permits them to turn out to be a piece of the group and permits you to settle on better choices. This is the methods for getting Soldiers to do what you need them to do.

Management Planning Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The board Planning Paper - Essay Example The board Techniques Business Ethics structure a significant piece of the way of life of the organizations. They are significant with regards to the typical working of organizations in this world. The organization had made very nearly 65 acquisitions or mergers in just 6 years. Coordinating is a protracted procedure, tedious and a difficult exercise as there might be individuals who may oppose these progressions and make issues. The subsequent viewpoint is to coordinate monetarily by the utilization of the sound accounting guidelines. It is accepted commonly that in view of these acts of joining WorldCom was effectively ready to conceal its practices. The untrustworthy issues in the organization emerged when the organization began to confront issues from the diminishing interest of broadcast communications. It is then accepted that the senior officials of the organization were engaged with false exercises. (Kiron et al 2004; Worldcom Website 2010; Securities and Exchange Commission 2 003) The organization is intended to finish the bookkeeping guidelines which they can make accounts and these records are then dissected by the administrators and leader of the associations. Supervisors are given the sole position to look at over the workers when they face any troubles in the way of life of WorldCom. The issues looked by the laborers are tackled remembering the view about corporate social duty. The firm follows exacting corporate social duty estimates which ought to be trailed by the representatives. Issues looked by WorldCom confronted a progression of passes up the media and it was discovered that the organization was associated with deceitful exercises. There were three significant issues with the corporate culture and their style of working. The first was the manner in which they developed through forceful obtaining of organizations, second was the system of senior official credits and the third and principal was the manner by which they worked together which wa s against the code of corporate administration and had presented them to dangers identified with reasonable and arm’s lengths exchanges (Kiron et al 2004; Securities and Exchange Commission 2003) The acquisitions and mergers have been referenced above where it tends to be obviously observed that WorldCom made an enormous number of acquisitions in a brief timeframe and this made for the organization in general. It is dissected that the senior officials of WorldCom, for example, the CEO Ebbers were actually given to budgetary achievement and as a result of this they began doing exploitative exercises at the organization. It was a direct result of the negative job of the senior officials that deceptive practices thrived at WorldCom as they made such an association culture which didn't address anybody in the firm. Consequently it very well may be said that false exercises even at the lower assignments was occurring at a higher rate. Consequently it very well may be unmistakably r ecognized here that wastefulness of the pioneer at WorldCom made a greater amount of these moral issues emerge (Kotter and Heskett 1992). The Company didn't appropriately keep the bookkeeping measures, while setting up the records to show that the benefits were expanding yet in reality they were most certainly not. This had prompted increment benefits by charging the costs to decades rather than a couple of years, perceiving income around the same time and demonstrate that the organization had immense

Take a stand Essay Free Essays

Caffeinated drinks have gotten famous among today’s youth. America’s youth has simple access to these hazardous beverages and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as of now doesn't control the measure of caffeine that is permitted into these refreshments (Cool, 2011). These beverages contain elevated levels of caffeine and different herbs that effectsly affect ones heart, alongside high sodium and sugar levels that can unfavorably influence ones by and large wellbeing. We will compose a custom exposition test on Stand firm Essay or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now The FDA on should manage the reasonable caffeine content in these beverages and caffeinated beverages ought to be restricted for kids younger than 18 years. The risky fixings, sick reactions, and the destructive measures of caffeine found in these beverages will be examined in this paper. It is significant that Americans become taught about the destructive beverages that are being advertised as protected, and pushed on our childhood (Clair, 2013). There are comparative fixings found in the entirety of the caffeinated drinks available today. A portion of these are Caffeine, Guarana, Taurine, Sugar, Genseng, and Bitter orange (Rath, 2012). Caffeine effectsly affects the body, for example, queasiness, heart palpitations, migraines, restlessness, hypokalemia, rabdomylosis and atrial and ventricular tachycardia that can both be destructive (Rath, 2012). Guarana, while not as destructive, despite everything has numerous unfriendly impacts of its own, some of which are: apprehension, tachycardia, uneasiness, chest torment and cardiovascular dysrhthmias (Moodie, 2009). No proof now has demonstrated Taurine to have any unfriendly impacts on one’s wellbeing. The high sugar content advances heftiness, diabetes and cavities. Ginseng has impacts, for example, hypertension, tachycardia, heart palpitations, a sleeping disorder, vaginal draining and bosom delicacy (Rath, 2012). Unpleasant orange has been connected to cardiovascular failures, strokes, seizures, disrythmias, and headache cerebral pains. Pretty much every fixing found in these beverages can have lethal reactions. Of the previously mentioned fixings, five of the six effectsly affect the body. These consolidated into one beverage makes a fatal mix particularly when utilized in abundance. There are opposite symptoms that can be caused from caffeinated drinks beside the destructive heart impacts that these beverages cause. Since caffeine is an energizer and different fixings with similar consequences for the body, these beverages cause hypertension, raised pulses, liver harm, and even demise, just to give some examples (Cool, 2011). There has likewise been a connect to ladies encountering late unsuccessful labors just as stillbirth and drinking caffeinated drinks (Claire, 2013). Drinking caffeinated beverages can likewise give an individual a misguided feeling of collectedness when blended in with liquor. This could prompt an individual driving more inebriated than they feel that they are, along these lines; expanding hazard for liquor related accidents (Moodie, 2009). Caffeine is an energizer that is found in numerous items that we devour every day. In modest quantities it very well may be sheltered and fills in as a vitality sponsor now and again. â€Å"Caffeine found in caffeinated beverages can go from 80 to 300mg in a 8 ounce serving† (Rath, 2012, p. 72). The fundamental issue with this is most caffeinated drinks are sold in jars estimates that go from 16 to 24 ounces. This copies or triples the measure of caffeine an individual is devouring. As far as possible the measures of caffeine that soft drink organizations are permitted to place into soft drink refreshments to 71mg per 12 ounces (Cool, 2011). The equivalent isn't valid for caffeinated drinks, there is no restriction set on the measure of caffeine that organizations, for example, Red Bull or Monster can put in their caffeinated drinks. Young people and youngsters are ingesting hazardous degrees of caffeine blended in with different perilous fixings and the FDA has chosen not to see this developing issue, thus; putting our childhood in danger for death. Grown-ups must wake up and understand that there is a toxic substance in soft drink machines and supermarkets across America, and our kids have simple access to it. Caffeine is an addictive medication that has been made promptly accessible to our kids in disturbing sums. The FDA must manage the measure of caffeine and different hazardous fixings permitted or boycott the selling of these beverages to minors, so as to forestall sick wellbeing impacts to our youngsters. The open should be taught on the destructive reactions that these beverages cause and request activity by the FDA. Instructions to refer to Take a stand Essay, Essays

Health Professional Essential

Questions: Diabetes mellitus is a significant world medical issue. Treatment and the executives of diabetics is an exceptionally huge issue for governments, society and the two drug specialists and pharmaceutical organizations. Finishing this task will assist you with gaining a more profound comprehension of diabetes mellitus. The length of this task barring charts, figure legends and references ought to be close to 1000 words. The % of imprints apportioned to each segment is a manual for the word length for that area. Where suitable references ought to be incorporated utilizing the Harvard System refered to fittingly in the content with right organizing in the reference list. As a guide at least 4 yet close to around 12 references ought to be utilized. You are encouraged to utilize references from both essential and auxiliary sources. Assignments ought to be composed and submitted utilizing learnonline through the Course Website. Charts must be attentively joined into the text.Due date/time is 6:00pm ninth June. 1. For what reason is the illness given the name diabetes mellitus? How does diabetes mellitus vary from diabetes insipidus? 2. People with the diabetes mellitus are arranged into two fundamental gatherings. What are they and what is the premise of the arrangement framework utilized? 3. How are patients analyzed as diabetics? What treatment alternatives are generally used to deal with this condition? 4. What changes in the digestion of glucose and fat (triglycerides) are seen in this sickness? What manifestations may a diabetic show because of these metabolic changes and for what reason do these happen? 5. Two short-term fasting patients, A B, were each given a portion of 75g of glucose at time zero. Their blood glucose levels were estimated at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 minutes after ingestion of the glucose utilizing a glucose explicit test. The short strategy for this examine is:- a. Include 5.0 ml of examine reagent to adequate cylinders for the measure b. Include 0. 1 ml of every glucose standard to a container of examine reagent c. Include 0. 1 ml of each test serum to a container of examine reagent. d. Blend the substance of each cylinder and read the absorbance at 625 nm. The outcomes acquired are appeared in the two tables underneath. Table 1 - guidelines Glucose standard (mmol/L) Absorbance @ 625 nm 0 0.02 3 0.21 6 0.43 9 0.65 12 0.83 Table 2 patient outcomes Time (min) Absorbance-Patient A Absorbance-Patient B 0 0.26 0.47 30 0.51 0.63 60 0.25 0.82 90 0.23 0.81 120 0.24 0.71 240 0.30 0.68 Plot a standard diagram of absorbance at 625 nm against glucose focus You should utilize Excel. Decide the grouping of glucose in every patient serum test and plot glucose focus against the time over which the examples were obtained.Comment on the outcomes for the two patients 6. What potential long haul issues would a drug specialist should know about while prompting a diabetic customer? Answers: (1). Diabetes is a typical metabolic issue that is influencing individuals from the hour of 1500 BCE. Diabetes Miletus got its name got from two Greek words diabetes from siphon implies that is to go through and mellitus from sweet (Tattersall, 2010). The DM and DI have a place with a similar classification of metabolic issue however are altogether different from one another. The thing that matters is appeared in table beneath Diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus Pee stream is high and weakened Pee stream is ordinary yet thought No glucose in pee High glucose in pee Ascend in blood cholesterol No such ascent in cholesterol Ketogenesis happens No ketogenesis Increment in craving No expansion in hunger Lopsidedness of insulin Lopsidedness of ADH Table 1: Comparison on diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus (2). The diabetes mellitus is grouped based on impossible to miss qualities arrangement framework and is classfied in two kinds Diabetes mellitus type - 1 and diabetes mellitus type - 2. The person with Type-1 DM show nonappearance of insulin hormone in the body because of pancreatic disappointment since beta cells in pancreas quit working while individual with Type 2 DM have adequate insulin present in body however there is insulin opposition advancement in the body prompting ill-advised working of glucose digestion (Patient, 2016). (3). Conclusion of diabetes mellitus The assurance of blood glucose level structures the standard for finding of the diabetic condition. There are diverse test utilized to distinguish the nearness of diabetes that is depicted beneath Oral glucose resistance assessment (OGTT) This finding is commonly applied to distinguish the deformity in sugar digestion process in the body. This test is useful to decide pre-diabetes condition, insulin obstruction and responsive hypoglycaemia. The test is acted in two phases that are fasting glucose worth and post two-hour glucose esteem. The OGTT results demonstrating positive diabetic condition are portrayed beneath: - OGTT test Typical level Diabetic level Fasting glucose esteem 6 mmol/L Over 7 mmol/L Post 2-hour glucose esteem 7.8 mmol/L Above 11.0 mmol/L Table 2: Oral glucose resistance assessment (OGTT) Treatment of diabetes mellitus There are in excess of eight classes of diabetic medications that contain in excess of 50 prescriptions performing capacity to control diabetes. The absolute best medication medicines are Insulatard, Metformin, Sulfonylureas, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and so forth. (McPhee and Papadakis, 2010). Further, direct insulin hormone is the functional treatment to control the sort 1 just as type-2 (pills or insulin shots) DM condition. The absolute best CAM used to oversee diabetes is fragrant healing, Chinese medication needle therapy, biofeedback, dietary enhancements, reflexology and so on. (Lorig et al. 2010). (4). DM impact on glucose digestion Insulin hormone intercedes the blood glucose transformation in put away type of fat in the liver. In DM conditions either insulin is missing or body creates insulin obstruction, in this manner, a state of hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose) happens because of low insulin, expanded glucose creation or diminished glucose use. Further, the take-up of glucose by cells is likewise influenced because of the nonappearance of insulin. The glucose phosphorylation helps in cell glucose take-up from blood however without insulin non-hepatic glucose usage limits the glucose take-up demonstrating a lopsidedness in glucose metabolic procedure prompting hyperglycaemia. DM impact on fat digestion The development of glycogen (triglycerides) from glucose requires insulin as an interceding hormone. In any case, in DM condition insulin isn't in appropriate condition of movement prompting no glycogen stockpiling in the liver and hyper glycerides in the blood showing fat digestion imperfection prompting the development of hypertriglyceridemia in the body. The fat just as skeletal cells prevent taking glucose from the blood in the insulin nonappearance because of the aggravation in glucose transport proteins required for glucose take-up by cells. This protein gets upset since it requires insulin as a go between for its development. Subsequently, thusly state of diabetes upsets the fat digestion in the body (Staff.ncl.ac.uk, 2016). Manifestations of diabetes because of metabolic changes The most well-known side effects of type-1 diabetes are expanding thirst, Excessive pee, discombobulation and tiredness, loss of solid mass and weight, tingling in the vaginal zone, queasiness and spewing just as loss of craving. Further, the indications emerging because of metabolic changes in Type-2 diabetes are tiredness and discombobulation explicitly after suppers, arbitrary hungry sentiments (polyphagia), more regularly pee than ordinary (polyuria) and abrupt weight reduction (Diabetes.co.uk, 2016). These indications happen because of high glucose fixation in the blood that isn't been utilized as body fuel gets gathered in blood. During the time spent the body attempting to lessen glucose fixation flushes unreasonable glucose out of the body as pee making pee unevenness. Further, as body isn't getting enough vitality since glucose isn't getting changed over to vitality structure brings about exorbitant yearning, polyphagia, tiredness and so on indications in diabetes. Without insulin, the body glucose isn't getting put away as glycogen prompts weight reduction, muscle and craving misfortune. Further, tingling in the vaginal area happens because of unreasonable sugar in the urinal emission as a type of response (McPhee and Papadakis, 2010). (5). Standard graphGraph: Standard chart on glucose focus absorbance at 625 nm Looking at the glucose centralization of Patient An and B Time (min) Glucose focus Persistent - A Glucose focus Persistent B 0 3.71 6.71 30 7.23 9 60 3.57 11.7 90 3.28 11.5 120 3.42 10.1 240 4.28 9.71 Chart 2: Graph looking at the glucose centralizations of Patient An and B Results According to above gave information on glucose centralizations of patient-An and B plainly Patient-B is experiencing diabetes in light of the fact that the glucose fixation is high when contrasted and standard while tolerant A shows typical glucose focuses subsequently the nonappearance of diabetes. (6). While giving counsel to a diabetic customer the drawn out issues that require the consideration of advisor, just as the patient, is high hazard for cardiovascular ailments, respiratory failure hazard, and veins harms. There is likewise high hazard for eye sicknesses like retinopathy, oedema, and waterfall in diabetes. Further, kidney harms is another drawn out hazard due to ketogenesis in type-1 DM. close by there a

10 Startup Founders Tell Us The Best Advice Ive Ever Received

10 Startup Founders Tell Us The Best Advice Ive Ever Received Starting a company and working on it till it becomes successful is no easy task. The journey to success is fraught with challenges and obstacles. Sometimes, we look at some startups that made it big, such as Facebook, PayPal, Twitter, Slack, and so on and assume that their success was automatic.However, any founder who has built a great company will tell you that the journey to success is not straightforward.They all had moments when things seemed to crumbling around them, and many of them almost gave up. Many will tell you that during these moments, they relied on the advice of someone they look up to and respect to keep them going.As an entrepreneur, you are also going to come across such difficult moments where you need solid advice.Sadly, while there are a lot of people who are willing to give you advice, a lot of it is usually not very useful.During these difficult moments, you want real, solid advice that will actually help you overcome your challenges. This is why we have made a compilation of the best pieces of advice that 10 successful founders ever received.From Virgin billionaire founder Richard Branson to the founders of companies like Airbnb, Mashable, and Freelancer, we look at the greatest piece of advice that has stuck with each of them and helped them get where they are today.Take note of these pieces of advice and see how they apply to your situation and the lessons you can gain from them.DON’T CHASE THE MONEY â€" DAYMOND JOHN, FUBU FOUNDER Daymond John is the founder of hip hop clothing brand FUBU, in addition to being an author, a TV personality, an investor and a motivational speaker. He is also a ‘shark’ in the popular TV series Shark Tank.Starting with a few sewing machines in his mother’s house and a dream to make clothes for the coolest hip hop rappers, Daymond John was able to build FUBU into a huge company worth over $7 billion. In the process, Daymond John became rich himself, with a current net worth of over $300 million.Day mond John’s greatest piece of advice came from his mother. Ironically, this piece of advice came while Daymond was still a child, even before he went into business. Growing up, his mother used to say that “Money is a great slave but a horrible master.”Unfortunately, it took Daymond some hard lessons before his mother’s advice sunk in. When Daymond first went into business, his drive was the desire to be rich. The first few businesses he started failed. Finally, when he started doing something he loved, it became the huge company that FUBU is today.The advice from Daymond’s mother has been echoed by several other successful people. Instead of chasing the money, you should focus your efforts on chasing your dream. If your motivation is the money, you will only do the bare minimum that you need to get the money.If you do something because you actually love it, on the other hand, you will be more invested in it.You will do everything within your ability to make it work, and in the long run, you are more likely to succeed compared to someone who is just after the money.In addition, a 2015 study found that people who are motivated by personal fulfillment and the desire to serve others are more fulfilled at work, do better work and are more likely to make more money than those who are only motivated by money.YOU NEVER KNOW WHAT YOU HAVE UNTIL YOU SLEEP WITH IT â€" GARY VAYNERCHUK, VAYNER MEDIA CO-FOUNDER AND CEOGary Vaynerchuk is a Belarusian American entrepreneur and is a co-founder and the acting CEO of Vayner Media.In addition, he is also a 5 time New York Times bestselling author, a highly sought after public speaker, a renowned internet personality and an angel investor with early investments in companies like Uber, Tumblr, Venmo, Twitter and Facebook. Vaynerchuk considers himself a ‘purebred’ entrepreneur, having started his first business at the ripe age of 7 years.In his early adulthood, Vaynerchuk’s father had a local liquor store, which Vayn erchuk transitioned to an e-commerce platform for alcohol, growing it from $3 million to $60 million in annual sales. The greatest piece of advice for Vaynerchuk came during his days in the wine business.An old liquor salesman gave Vaynerchuk a piece of advice that sounds explicit but is laced with a lot of wisdom. The liquor salesman told Vaynerchuk that the only way to know what you are dealing with is to sleep with it.The hidden message behind this piece of advice is that the only way to succeed in business is to take action. Very often, entrepreneurs spend a lot of time planning, thinking ahead and trying to anticipate obstacles that they might come across.While planning ahead is a good thing, don’t waste a lot of time on it.It is impossible to accurately predict how a business will turn out or to prepare for everything.If you spend too much time planning and preparing, you might end up doing nothing. The best thing to do is to get on with it and deal with challenges as they c ome. Many successful businesses are built through trial and error rather than careful planning and preparation.FAILURE IS A STEPPING STONE TO SUCCESS â€" ARIANNA HUFFINGTON, HUFFINGTON POST AND THRIVE GLOBAL FOUNDERArianna Huffington is a Greek-born American author and international media mogul. Arianna is the founder of The Huffington Post. She built it into an award winning online news platform before selling it to AOL in 2011, while remaining as its editor in chief. In 2016, she left The Huffington Post and founded another startup company named Thrive Global, which has a focus on matters health and wellness.Arianna’s best piece of advice comes from her mother. Growing up, her mother often told her not to think of failure as the opposite of success, but rather as a stepping stone to success.This perception of failure is something that has guided Arianna throughout her career. Arianna is no stranger to failure.When she was looking for a publisher for her first book, Arianna was r ejected not once or twice, but thirty six times. In 2003, before starting the Huffington Post, she run in California’s gubernatorial race but only received less than 1% of the vote. She also has a failed marriage as part of her repertoire.In the face of all this failures, only one thing has kept her going instead of giving up, and that is her mother’s words from her childhood. She treated her failures as stepping stones that drove her to the massive success she has achieved today.This is very solid advice for every entrepreneur. Failure is a part of the entrepreneurship journey. Instead of calling it quits when you experience failure, learn from it and use it to propel yourself to even greater heights.FOCUS ON ONE PERSON INSTEAD OF A CROWD â€" BRIAN CHESKY, AIRBNB CO-FOUNDERBrian Joseph Chesky is an American internet entrepreneur and one of the co-founders of Airbnb, a popular online based hospitality service. Chesky is also the acting CEO of the company.Since the launch of Airb nb in 2008, the company has experienced massive growth and is currently estimated to be worth at least $38 billion. Co-founder Brian Chesky has also gone from broke to billionaire status with a net worth of about $3.7 billion. Chesky has also been named among Time Magazine’s 100 Most Influential People in 2015.Chesky’s greatest piece of advice came when Airbnb was going through the Y Combinator program, where startups are invited to Silicon Valley for 3 months and guided on how best to grow their new company.During Airbnb’s time in the Y Combinator program, Paul Graham, one of the co-founders of Y Combinator, told Chesky something that has guided the growth of Airbnb into the company it is today. Graham told Chesky that the key to creating a great product is to focus on one person and create a product that gives that one person the most amazing experience ever.He explained that it is far much better to have a product that is loved by 100 people rather than one that 1 million p eople kind of love. Only those who love a product are capable of making it go viral.This is something that every entrepreneur needs to keep in mind. Very often, in a bid to grow their companies, entrepreneurs create products that are targeted at everyone.After all, the bigger your potential client base, the more your earning potential, right?Wrong!The truth is that it is impossible to please everyone. Instead of trying to target everyone and failing, you should focus on a niche client base and create a product that solves one of their biggest problems in the best possible way.MAKE YOUR OWN MISTAKES â€" PETE CASHMORE, MASHABLE FOUNDERYou might not have heard of Pete Cashmore, but you have definitely heard of the popular media site he founded â€" Mashable.com. Pete founded started Mashable in his bedroom at the age of 19 and grew it into a Technorati Top 10 blog worldwide.After starting Mashable in 2005, Pete Cashmore went on to be featured in Inc. Magazine’s “30 under 30” list in 2009, as well as making The Huffington Post’s “Top 10 Game Changers” and Forbes’ “Top 25 Web Celebs” for the same year. In 2012, he made Time Magazine’s 100 most influential people. The World Economic Forum also named a Young Global Leader. While Pete eventually sold Mashable, he still remains its CEO.Pete credits his success as a founder, entrepreneur and CEO to the different things he has learnt from different people and their perspectives, including people he has never met in person. The greatest piece of advice he has ever received is to make his own mistakes.Very often, when people give advice, they tend to generalize what they have done. They assume that since something worked for them, it will work for everyone, regardless of the different conditions between different situations.Before taking people’s advice, you need to understand how it applies to your situation, and the only way to learn that is to try things on your own, take you own risks and learn wha t works for you. Pete believes that entrepreneurs who do not take their own risks cannot innovate.HAVE NO REGRETS â€" RICHARD BRANSON, VIRGIN GROUP FOUNDERSir Richard Branson is an English investor, business magnate, philanthropist and author. Richard Branson is the founder of the Virgin Group, which has more than 400 companies under its control. Branson, who is currently worth about $5 billion, is well known for his adventurous spirit and his contagious smile and laughter.For Richard Branson, the best advice he has ever received has nothing to do with hiring the perfect team, securing financial backing, or becoming a sales guru. Instead, it is about mindset.The greatest piece of advice for Richard Branson came from his mother Eve Branson, who was a formidable force herself. While she taught him many things, one of them stands tall above the rest. She told young Branson that he should live life with no regrets. Instead of regretting about things, he was taught to channel his energy to moving on with other ventures.This piece of advice stuck with Branson and has informed every decision the billionaire has ever made, both in business and in his personal life. To him, setbacks and failures are not bad experiences; they are just lessons on how to become better. He sees dwelling on failures as a waste of both time and energy. Instead of brooding about his failures, he puts that time and energy in new projects.This is great advice for upcoming entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurial journey is fraught with challenges and obstacles, and it is inevitable that you will experience some setbacks. Don’t waste your time on them. Explore the setback objectively, take whatever lessons you can from the experience and move on to the next thing.FEED THE EAGLES AND STARVE THE TURKEYS â€" NILOFER MERCHANT, RUBICON CONSULTING FOUNDERNilofer Merchant is a TED main stage speaker, a bestselling author on collaborative work and innovation and the winner of Thinkers50’s 2013 “Future T hinker Award.” Merchant worked with a number of big technology companies, including Adobe, Apple, and Autodesk, before founding Rubicon Consulting, a technology consulting firm. She is the acting CEO of Rubicon Consulting.The greatest piece of advice Merchant ever received came from one of her bosses in a job she held in her early 20s. At the time, she felt that she was overwhelmed by all the things she had to do, and she was already working as hard as she could to get them done.Seeing that she could not work any harder by herself, she walked into her boss’s office to ask for more resources. Instead of giving her the resources she wanted, her boss sat her down and gave her advice that has stuck with her to this date â€" Feed the eagles and starve the horses.This piece of advice is metaphorical. In life, there are only a few things that matter. These are the eagles. Problem is, they are not always obvious. Like actual eagles, you need to look up to find them. You need to find the se eagles and feed them by channeling your energy into them. The turkeys, on the other hand, are the ton of other things that do not matter much.They are always right in front of you, making noise, pecking around, and demanding your attention. Since they are actually calling out for your attention, it is easy to focus on them and forget about the eagles.What you need to do is to ignore them and focus on feeding the eagles, which are the ones that actually matter.This piece of advice is consistent with the 80/20 principle, which says that 80% of your results usually come from 20% of the effort. Find and focus on the 20% and you will be on your way to success.TAKE EVERY OPPORTUNITY THAT COMES YOUR WAY â€" MATT BARRIE, FREELANCER.COM FOUNDERMatt Barrie is an Australian tech entrepreneur and the founder and acting CEO of Freelancer.com, a global online marketplace for freelancing and crowdsourcing.Before founding Freelancer.com, Matt also founded another company, Sensory Networks Inc., which sold high performance network security processors. Sensory Networks Inc. was acquired by Intel Corporation in 2013. Matt also founded another telecommunications hardware company before Sensory Networks. Matt Barrie is currently worth over $200 million.The greatest piece of advice for Matt came when he was about sixteen years old. It came from an old guy who had come to sell a business to Matt’s parents. The guy told Matt that if someone ever asked him if he could do something and was willing to give him an opportunity, he should not hesitate to take it.Even if he did not know how to do what was required, he could learn that after getting the job. This has been a guiding principle for Matt throughout his entire life as an entrepreneur. He seizes opportunities as they come and figures out what needs to be done along the way.According to Matt, many capable people do not achieve what they dream of because they feel that they are not qualified enough or experienced enough. For in stance, many people want to start a business but are afraid because they have no experience running a business.This creates a chicken and egg problem.A person feels they need experience in order to run a business, but they cannot gain experience unless they actually run a business. The solution here is to jump right into it and figure things out as you go.KEEP THINGS SIMPLE â€" BILL GATES, MICROSOFT FOUNDEREveryone knows Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft and the world’s richest person for a long time before he was toppled from the position by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos. The greatest piece of advice Bill Gates has received was not given to him directly, but came through his own observation of fellow billionaire Warren Buffet.According to Gates, Warren Buffet likes to keep things simple. He keeps his calendar simple. When it comes to investing in a business, he looks at a few basic numbers and facts. In essence, he develops a simple, predictive and reliable model as a basis for un derstanding things and then uses it to make his decisions.The underlying message in this piece of advice is that the key to success is to learn to simplify things to the basics that actually count. Everything can be simplified down to a few basics.If your goal is to lose weight, what counts is not the supplements, complex workout plans, or complicated diets. The key is to burn more calories than you consume. If you keep this in mind, you will lose weight, regardless of whatever strategy you use to achieve this. If your goal is to save money, it is not the budgeting apps and spreadsheets that count.The key is simply to spend less than you make. The truth is that everything can be reduced to a few simple basics. Once you learn to figure out what actually matters and focus on it, you will be able to achieve the results you want every time.BE RESOURCEFUL â€" JEFF BEZOS, AMAZON FOUNDERJeff Bezos is the founder of online retail giant Amazon and the world’s richest man, with a net worth of $112 billion.Growing up, Jeff Bezos spent a lot of time in his grandfather’s ranch, and the greatest piece of advice he ever received came from his grandfather, who played a very important role in Jeff’s life.His grandfather often used to tell young Jeff to “be resourceful. If there is a problem, there is a solution.”This mantra has stuck with Jeff throughout his life and has contributed to making him the world’s richest problem. After he started Amazon, Jeff has faced multiple failures, yet he always found a way around these setbacks by trying and testing different approaches and strategies.WRAPPING UPThis is a great collection of great advice. Advice that has helped some of the world’s leading founders get where they are.If you a budding entrepreneur yourself, this advice might be just what you need to help you make the right decisions for your business.Of course, everything might not apply to you and your situation right now. The key is to pick what works best for you and start applying it to your situation.

Advantages and Disadvantages of GMOs in Biotechnology - 2200 Words

Advantages and Disadvantages of GMOs in Biotechnology (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Institution:Tutor:Course:Date:Advantages and Disadvantages of GMOs in BiotechnologyBiotechnology has been used as one of the eco-techno-political technologies in the 21st century. Many developed and developing countries have developed technological strategies to improve their food productivity in different fields. This has led to the establishment of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO). This technology was first used in 1980s when it was first introduced for industrial production of the medicinal products, pharmaceutical industry, and food distribution where gene technology applications was involved (Parekh 117). Developing countries have maintained that the application of GMO technology have provided great contributions to sustainable agricultural production in both small scale and large scale farming activities. This paper answers question seven by defining GMO and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using GMO in biotechnology.Definition of (GMO) an d Process.This is the process of taking genes from two different plant species or animal species and combining them. This genetic modification was first applied to microorganisms. The insertion of defined foreign genes into the genome of the bacteria, yeast or molds resulted into genetically modified organisms (GMO), the products which was found to be very useful for human and later used in industries and pharmacy. The process of combining these inter-species genes called recombinant of DNA technology does not actually have checks and balance that are normally imposed naturally during the traditional breeding and therefore it may results to genetic instability risk. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s difficult for one to make correct predictions about long term effects of the GMO crops, fruits, and vegetables on the human being as well as the environment. In addition, carrying out comprehensive and proper testing is either very impractical or very expensive, and there are also lots of information in ge netics that scientist have not yet known or properly understood.This has resulted to the ongoing debate about the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified organism (GMO). The countries growing the GM Crops have vastly increased in the recent years and the dangers and benefits of genetically engineered crops and foods are causing lots of intense debate. This means a great deal to humanity since genetically engineered crops are very productive and looks appealing than the natural or traditional food crops. The Genetic modifications of animals and plants have been justified by the potential for improvement of food situation worldwide, an increase in the food nutritional value, an increase in the yields of crops, and pharmaceutical development preparations of the proven clinical significance.Advantages of GMOStudies have shown that the increasing number of transgenic food products on the food markets have inflicted the belief in human that genetic modification of animal and plants provides profits. The improvement potential of agronomic, technological and utilitarian characters or traits prompts food producers to increase the frequent use of the achievement provided by the genetic engineering. There are numerous advantages that accrue as a result of GMO that are discussed below:Genetically Modified CropsThere is the need for countries to produce nutritious foods from the GM crops, safe, and inexpensive foods to help feed the worlds growing population. The major advantage of the GM food crops is the potential promise of the future food security, particularly for the small scale as well large scale farming in the developing countries. The GM crops are much more productive and have better yields as compared to the natural crops and therefore with the use of GM crops more food products will be produced that will be able to feed the world fast growing population. For example in corn, the GM technology has resulted to increased yield of the product and in s oybeans the GM technology has resulted to saving of chemical inputs and labor.In addition, studies have found that the use of GM in crop production will lead to higher yield with shorter growing durations of crops, use of less chemical fertilizers in crop production, advanced management of pest with minimal use of pesticides in crop food production, development of higher drought resistant crops, and with increased nutrient quality as compared to natural food crops. This will results to low cost of food production hence more production of food. This will further make production of food to be economically efficient.Moreover, GM crops have some other more advantages such as inbuilt resistance to the crop diseases, pests as well as weeds, very environmentally friendly since they require reduced use of pesticides and herbicides, due to the resistance of the food crops there is possibility of the food products staying longer as they can be shipped for long distances to places where the pr oduction is very low or even kept in the shop shelves for longer periods time without going bad before getting the right customer to buy the products. Besides GM crops have the capability of thriving and surviving in areas or regions with adverse climates and poor soil. Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s the possibility that the GM food crops have the ability of eliminating the allergy causing properties in some food products as well as the food being more nutritional with batter flavor for human consumption.Genetically Modified AnimalsThe Genetic modification of the domesticated animals as well as fish have been more controversial than the one for GM crops. This has led to very sensitive stories about cloning making news headlines around the world. Research studies have found that biotechnology has already been introduced into the breeding programs to speed up genetic improvements including the (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) DNA based marker selection assisted (Nelson 98). Biotechnology research in animal s is being conducted in many both developed and developing countries, mostly on domestic cattle as well as on pigs, goats and chickens.There are many advantages that are associated with Genetic modification of animals such as increased wool production in transgenic sheep, it leads to production of disease resistant farm animals, production of leaner meets from pigs and pigs with environmentally friendly waste manure, increased milk production from the domestic cattle, and with GMO one is able to alter the milk composition to be lactose-freely. However, for one to achieve a reliable and consistent improvement, traits relevant for animal production must be controlled by many DNA genes.In addition, it was found that fish are relatively simple to genetically modify since they have reproductive biology. Fish is the most modified species that all other vertebrates combined. For example the Glofish is one of the Genetically Modified fish that has already been availed commercially by the US A for aquarium. It was found that many companies in North America have just been waiting for the federal approval to sale Atlantic salmon that grows at 400-600 % more quickly and 25% less feed because of a Chinook salmon gene added, thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s controlled by a cold activated promoter gene from the ocean pout fish (Nelson 218).On the other hand consideration should be given to the effects and risk that are associated with GM animals to the human health. Great care should be taken to prevent transmission of pathogens from animals to human being that may be associated with the animal-derived products (Parekh 147). Both the Genetically Modified farm animals and genetically modified fish especially requires strict standards of genetic security.Disadvantages of GMOWhile Genetic modification of Organisms such as in crop production might create the possibility of elimination of world food shortage and ensuring future food security, concerns are being raised over the negative impacts th at the GM foods are associated with its introduction as well as proliferation of increased use. The concerns have been exacerbated by the intense spread of the GM crops use and increase in the land areas that are allocated for their productions. The rapid increase in the spread of these crops have been associated with trade linkages held by big companies that have heavily invested in the gene technology. A lot of concerns are therefore being raised concerning genetic engineering of food not only for safety, altered nutritional quality of foods, allergic situations, carcinogenicity, and toxicity, but also for the adverse effects it will have on the environment.Studies have shown that GMO have lots of dangers from the facts that no one can accurately predict the long term effects of the Genetically Modified foodstuffs on the human health as well as on the environment. Scientist are able to choose which genes to manipulate, but they do not know where exactly in the DNA to insert the fo reign gene and have no capability of controlling expression of the gene. Genes do not work in isolation from others and therefore changing a few genes could lead to changing of the whole picture of the gene with unpredictable different effects in different circumstances.In addition, studies have shown that Genetically Modified companies do not label their products as GM food products. This results to biasness concerns in affecting the businesses since GM food products looks appealing and have more flavor and therefore more preferred by customers not knowing the greatest health effects it may have on human being. Not labeling the GM food products is unfair and wrong to the consumers who should have absolute right to know the content of the food product they are buying and indeed make the rightful decision whether to buy a GM food product or not to buy. Some individuals may have religion or moral objections even though the health s...

The Value Of Financial Ratio Analysis - 1616 Words

When the economy expands, most industries and companies benefit and grow with it and the reverse is true, that is why it is important for analysts or even individual investors to keep an eye on the economy to determine when it is going to be beneficial for them to invest their money. The economic environment indicators assist these investors in determining the state of the economy. In this paper, I will describe the methods used to assess the macroeconomic environment, discuss the value of financial ratio analysis in the context of common stock investing and compare intrinsic value and market price. Macroeconomic environment Unlike their counterparts during the great depression, financial policymakers today have enormous statistics at†¦show more content†¦Employment indicators The unemployment rate measures the rate at which the economy is operating at full capacity. It also has its roots embedded in the great depression when the rate reached about 25% (rbcpa.com). The unemployment rate is defined as the percentage of unemployed workers in the entire labor force (Bodie, et al, 2011). When people are unemployed the economy loses their contribution in terms of goods and services. The increase in the percentage of unemployed indicates the extent of economic hardship faced by the nation, therefore it is important for policymakers to know the number of unemployed workers in an economy in order to make better decisions in regards to the growth of the economy. Government fiscal and monetary policy Fiscal policy-is the ability of the federal government to increase and decrease its spending, if government spending is zero, there will limited economic growth (Mitchell, 2005). Current government borrowing shifts the burden to future generations to repay debt. An example of how this policy has been used in the past to improve the economy is when the Federal Reserve System lowered its discount rate and in early 2008 Congress passed the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 (govtrack.us). The legislation gave taxpayers a tax rebate in the form of a check up to $600 for single filers, $1200 for married couples filing jointly (cnn.com). The hope was that consumers would take these checks and spend them to help keep the economy movingShow MoreRelatedRatio and Financial Ratio Analyisis1712 Words   |  7 PagesRatio and Financial Statements Analysis Kimberly Y. Gruber University of Maryland University College Dr. Sunando Sengupta 07/25/2013 Turnitin Score: 23% Executive Summary The purpose of this paper is to examine ratio and financial statement analysis. Such analysis is a useful tool for managers and stakeholders to evaluate a company’s financial health in order to identify opportunities for growth and areas of weakness so as to institute corrective measures.   Financial statements are usedRead MoreTools Used in Financial Management625 Words   |  3 PagesThere are wide range of tools used in such as, cost of capital, financial leverage, capital budgeting appraisal methods, ABC analysis, ratio analysis and cash flow statements. (a) Cost of capital Cost of capital is an important element in investment decision or basically in business. It is used to measure the value of investment proposal provided by investment concern. It is used as discount rate in defining the present value of future cash flow which is associated with capital projects. CostRead MoreThe Valve Of Equity Per Common Share1442 Words   |  6 Pagescommon stock per share) Dividend pay-out ratio: (cash dividend )/(net income) It is also important to note that our return on Assets (ROA) could be derived in a way of; profit margin Ãâ€" Assets turnover Ratio = (net income)/(average total assets) =(net income)/saleÃâ€"sales/(average total sales) Classification by Source The classification by source can be divided into three: Income statement or Statement of Comprehensive Income (SOCI) Statement of Financial Position (SOFIP) Mixed (i.e. combinationRead MoreLease967 Words   |  4 PagesConvert WRDS OUTPUT Building a Financial Statement Analysis and Valuation Spreadsheet Income Statement-66 This case starts with raw financial statements and then a) develops standardized financial statements, b) constructs a statement of cash flows, c) builds all the key ratios, d) links forecast inputs to future financial statements, and e) builds discounted cash flow and residual income valuation models based on the forecasts. The result is a simplified version of eVal4, the spreadsheet modelRead MoreI)Explain Standardized Financial Statements Including Why932 Words   |  4 Pagesi) Explain standardized financial statements including why financial statements are standardized. i) Standardized financial statements are standardized because it is difficult to make comparisons between two companies. The company’s size and currency difference could be significantly different and it makes it harder to compare. One way to standardize a financial statement is to use percentages instead of total dollar amounts. This type of change would result in a common-size statement. ThereforeRead MoreTraditional Financial Reporting and its Limitations962 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In a more general term, financial statement states the details of an organization, entity and business financial activities. It provides information about the financial performance, position as at a given date, changes in financial position, etc., that are useful for economic decision. Some of the information content may include the statement of an entity’s assets (non-current and current), liabilities (short and long time), ownership structure, and statement of income, expenditureRead MoreManagerial Accounting. Qualcomm Incorporated And Broadcom1157 Words   |  5 Pagesthis paper is to compare the financial position of the two companies by using ratio analysis of each company’s financial statements for year ended 2016. Consequently, various financial ratios will be evaluated including: profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, market value ratios, efficiency ratios and solvency ratio. Finally, the paper will evaluate the ratios and identify the best performing compan y between Qualcomm and Broadcom. Financial ratio analysis The financial statements of an organizationRead MoreThe Three Methods of Analysis1006 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: Analysis Methods October 4, 2010 The Three Methods of Analysis The process of restating and summarizing data by establishing ratios and trends is known as financial analysis. The analysis is carried on a company s financial as well as income statement. The main objective behind carrying out a financial analysis of a company is to know its current financial position and its returns compared to risks. Financial analysis also helps in future forecasting. Financial analysis has threeRead MoreAccounting Information and Predicting Financial Performance1049 Words   |  5 PagesAccounting Information and Predicting Financial Performance: Accounting information can be useful in order to help predict future performance in the short and long term. It is important to note however that accounting information including accounting ratios show a company’s performance at a period in time. It is historical data. Trends can be identified by comparing data in sequential periods and future forecasts can be determined using historical data. There is no evidence or proof however, thatRead MoreThe Income Statement1199 Words   |  5 PagesLosses (P L) Statement is labelled as Net Income, but if it’s negative, it’s a Net Loss. Balance Sheet or Statement of Financial Position (SOFIP) The balance sheet is also referred to as Statement of Financial Position. The balance sheet reports a company’s assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity as of a specific date such as January 31st 2016, June 31st 2016 etc. The financial analyst or accountant cost principle and the monetary unit assumption will limit the assets reported on the balance sheet

The Inequality Of The Prison Population Essay - 1429 Words

All of the articles that are discussed throughout this essay stated very similar observations when it came to the demographics of the prison population. They stated that the people who are mostly incarcerated are people of color, predominantly African-American and then Hispanic men. Jennifer Wynn stated that when she visited Rikers Island and was waiting in the waiting room, she was the only white person there (Wynn, 2012). She later found that ninety percent of the inmates were black or Hispanic (Wynn, 2012) and that ninety three percent were male (Wynn, 2012). Although not as large as black men, there has also been an increase of minority women imprisonment. This racial disproportion was not always this way. During World War II, whites consisted of seventy percent of inmates and only thirty percent were identified as â€Å"others† (Martense, 2012). This has been reversed now being that seventy percent of the prison population are black and Hispanic and thirty percent being w hite (Martensen, 2012). According to Martensen, the reason for this is due to the ‘War on Drugs’ which indirectly targets racial minorities. When it was implemented, there was not a drug crisis, however, drug offenses has lead to a major increase in the federal inmate population and state prisoners between 1985 and 2000 (Martensen, 2012). Most of these people come from disadvantaged communities with a lack of opportunities which can lead to criminal behaviors. People who have more power are in theShow MoreRelatedThe Criminal Justice System : An Analysis Of Income And Racial Inequality Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesRyan Williams English 102 Professor 6 May 2015 The Criminal Justice System: an Analysis of Income and Racial Inequality In the history of civilized communities, one finds that different structures and practices are relevant and necessary to uphold and maintain order within society—hence, the establishment of the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system, according to the Oxford Dictionaries (2010), is defined as â€Å"the system of law enforcement that is directly involved in apprehendingRead MoreCriminal Justice System And The United States1183 Words   |  5 Pages(seemingly petty) crimes— such as missing court dates, a requirement for classes such as anger management, the list goes on. 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Our research will includeRead MoreRacial Disparities Of Mass Incarceration1572 Words   |  7 Pageschoice because rapid growth in the prison and jail populations, the long sentences the inmates face, and the inability for some inmates to incorporate themselves back into society. Since the 1970’s the U.S. prison population quadrupled from 158 to 635 people per 100,000, causing the U.S. to gain the title of country with the highest incarceration rate. (Massoglia, Firebaugh, Warner, 2013, p. 142; Muller, 2012) As the gr owth of the U.S prison and jail population rapidly increased, so did the growthRead MoreRacial Disparity in Prisons Essay examples1456 Words   |  6 PagesA Look at Racial Disparity in the United States Prison System Micah O’Daniel Institutional Corrections 2/22/11 Racial inequality in the American criminal justice system  has a strong effect of many realms of society such as the family life, and employment. Education and race seem to be the most decisive factors when deciding who goes to jail and what  age cohort  has the greatest percentage chance of incarceration. Going to prison no longer affects just the individual who committed the crimeRead MorePoverty, Immigration, Social Welfare, And Imprisonment, By Robert Crutchfield And David Pettinicchio1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe first article, â€Å"Cultures of Inequality: Ethnicity, Immigration, Social Welfare, and Imprisonment†, uses statistical analysis to discuss how race effects poverty, immigration, and welfare in heterogeneous and homogenous countries. The authors, Robert Crutchfield and David Pettinicchio, present two people that had theories on the culture of poverty. They were Banfield and Murray. President Bill Clinton praised Murray’s analysis by claiming that i t was correct in all areas, but that his resolutionsRead MoreThe Prison System Of America1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Prison Industrial Complex† was a term that was used by anti-prison activist within the prison abolishment movement to argue the attendant interest of prison industrialization, and t development of a minority prison labor force (Davis, 2003). This giant prison enterprise is an essential component of the U.S. economy, and has as its purposes such as profit, social control, and an interweaving of private business and government. These giant financial institutions recognized that prison building

Review of Reading Eggs for Children Ages 4 to 8

Reading Eggs is an interactive online program intended for children ages 4-8 and designed to teach children how to read or to build on existing reading skills. The program was originally developed in Australia by Blake Publishing but brought to schools in the United States by the same company that developed Study Island, Archipelago Learning. The premise behind Reading Eggs is to engage students in a fun, interactive program that initially builds a foundation for learning to read and eventually guides them towards reading to learn. The lessons found in Reading Eggs are designed to tie into the five pillars of reading instruction. The five pillars of reading instruction include phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Each of these components is necessary for children to master if they are going to be expert readers. Reading Eggs provides an alternative avenue for students to master these concepts. This program is not intended to replace traditional classroom instruction, instead, it is a supplemental tool in which students can hone and build the skills which they are being taught at school. There are 120 total lessons found in the Reading Eggs program. Each lesson builds on a concept taught in the previous lesson. Each lesson has between six and ten activities that students will complete to master the overall lesson. Lessons 1 through 40 are designed for students who have very little reading skills. Children will learn their first reading skills at this level including sounds and names of the alphabet letters, reading sight words, and learning essential phonics skills. Lessons 41 through 80 will build on those skills previously learned. Children will learn more high-frequency sight words, build word families, and read both fiction and nonfiction books designed to build their vocabulary. Lessons 81 through 120 continue to build on previous skills and will provide activities for children to read for meaning, comprehension, and to continue to increase vocabulary. Here are some key components of Reading Eggs. Its Teacher/Parent-Friendly Reading Eggs is easy to add a single student or a whole class.Reading Eggs has terrific reporting that makes it easy to monitor individual student or whole class progress.Reading Eggs provides teachers with a downloadable letter to send home to parents. The letter explains what Reading Eggs is and provides login information for students to work on the program at home at no additional cost. It also provides parents with the opportunity to have an account to track their child’s progress at no additional cost.Reading Eggs provides teachers with a comprehensive user guide as well as toolkit loaded with books, lesson plans, resources, and activities. The teacher toolkit has several books and activities that they can use in conjunction with their Smart Board to interactively teach lessons to the whole class. Its Instructional With Diagnostic Components Reading Eggs provides teachers and parents with the opportunity to assign specific lessons to students. For example, if a kindergarten teacher is teaching the letter â€Å"K†, the teacher can go in and assign the lesson over the letter â€Å"K† to all of the students to reinforce that concept.Reading Eggs also provides teachers and parents with the option of giving each child a diagnostic placement test. This test consists of forty questions. When the child misses three questions, then the program assigns them to the appropriate lesson that corresponds to how they did on the placement test. This allows students to skip past concepts which they have already mastered and places them at the level in the program where they should be.Reading Eggs allows teachers and parents to reset a student’s progress at any time in the program. Its Fun and Interactive Reading Eggs has kid friendly themes, animations, and songs.Reading Eggs allows users to create and personalize their own unique avatar.Reading Eggs provides users with motivation by providing incentives and rewards. Each time they complete an activity, they are rewarded with golden eggs. Their eggs are kept in their â€Å"eggy bank† which they can use to buy reward games, clothes for their avatar, or accessories for their house. In addition, when a user completes a lesson they earn an animated â€Å"critter†, which they collect as they go through the program.Reading Egg lessons are set up similar to a board game where you move from stepping stone to another by completing an activity. Once you have completed each activity, then you have completed that lesson and get to move on to the next lesson. Reading Eggs Is Comprehensive Reading Eggs has hundreds of extra learning activities and games aside from those in the standard 120 reading lessons.The Playroom is loaded with over 120 learning activities covering a wide range of topics ranging from letter reinforcement to art.My World allows students to visit eight destinations loaded with fun, interactive activities.Story Factory allows students to write and build their own stories and then enter them into a weekly story writing competition.Puzzle Park gives students a chance to earn some more Golden Eggs by completing word puzzles and practicing sight word recognition.The Arcade is a place where students can use their earned Golden Eggs to play much fun, interactive reading games.Driving Tests contains assessments covering sights words, phonics skills, and content area vocabulary. If a student satisfactorily completes a test, they are rewarded a racing car game which they can play to earn more golden eggs.Skills Bank is designed to build a student’s ski lls in spelling, vocabulary, grammar, and punctuation.Music Cafà © allows students to access and play their favorite songs that hear within a lesson. Its Structured Reading Eggs provides students with a comprehensive dashboard located on the left of their screen. This dashboard keeps track of which lesson they are on, how many golden eggs they have earned, and allows them access to their stuff and all the other places they can go to the program.Reading Eggs forces students into order by padlocking activities. You must complete activity one to open activity two.Reading Eggs also locks components such as My World, Puzzle Park, the Arcade, Driving Tests, Skills Bank until a user has mastered the appropriate number of lessons to have developed the skills necessary to use those components. Research on Reading Eggs Reading Eggs has been proven to be an effective tool for children to learn how to read. A study was conducted in 2010 that paralleled the features and components of the Reading Eggs program to essential elements that students must comprehend and possess to be able to read. Reading Eggs uses a variety of effective, research-based learning activities that motivate students to successfully complete the program. The web-based design features those components that have been proven to be highly effective in getting children to be high functioning readers. Overall Impression Reading Eggs is an exceptional early literacy program for parents of young children as well as schools and classroom teachers. Children love using technology and they love to get rewards and this program combines both of them effectively. In addition, the research-based program successfully incorporates the five pillars of reading. You may feel concerned if you think young children may be overwhelmed by the program, but the tutorial in the help section was terrific. Overall, Reading Eggs deserves five out of five stars, because it is a wonderful teaching tool that children will want to spend hours using.

President Barak Obama - 1298 Words

In November 2008, Democratic Presidential Candidate Barak Obama became the first African-American President to the United States. He had coined the word â€Å"change† to his first campaign, insuring Americans that if he were elected there would be â€Å"change†. Through two-terms the Obama Administration has demonstrated the most controversial change of all, the passage of the Affordable Care Act, a health reform law enacted in March of 2010. With many flaws evident in the roll out of the Affordable Care Act, we can now question should the President and Congress repeal it and start over from scratch, as many GOP members and critics have suggested; or should all parties attempt to fix the evident flaws through bi-partisan negotiation and action Many Americans are uncertain about what exactly the Affordable Care Act is. The Affordable Care Act is the nation’s latest health care reform law. It was enacted in March of 2010. It is composed of two pieces of legislation. The first piece of legislation is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care act; also referred to as PPACA. The second is the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act or HCERA. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has a specific agenda and is ideally supposed to provide the following: Access to comprehensive coverage to all, prohibit restrictions due to pre-existing conditions or health status, ensure affordable coverage, and strengthen public programs. The PPACA prohibits insures from limiting eligibilityShow MoreRelatedThe Presidency Of 44th Us President Barak Obama1454 Words   |  6 PagesThe presidency of 44th US President Barak Obama has been marked with rather prominent and significant shifts in policy, reverberating throughout many areas of the country. One of the president’s most controversial proposals that has yet to be fully acted upon is providing a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants currently living in the United States. Supporters of the legislation point to a variety of moral and economic reasons to justify their position while opponents retaliate withRead MoreThe Changing World. Former President Barak Obama Said ‘Denying1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe Changing World Former president Barak Obama said ‘Denying climate change is like arguing that the moon is made of cheese’ (â€Å"News†). He provides an exact opinion on Climate change that it is not a theory; it is a fact. Every year is becoming warmer than the previous one which ultimately changes our way of living. People living in coastal area are experiencing more floods than ever before and others are facing health related problems. Glaciers and snowcapped mountains are melting, which leadsRead MoreThe Life of a Leader, Barack Obama Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesis educated and embodies the ability to assess the other groups skills and talents in order to utilize them to accomplish a goal. Barack Obama was the first black senator for the state of Illinois. Barak was also the first black United States President. Barak made a healthcare program that has been modified to include more people it is called Obamacare. Obama is a good leader because he is persuasive and a diligen t worker. As a leader he does many things which include visiting foreign countriesRead MoreWhy Female Can Not Be President Of Theu.s?826 Words   |  4 PagesTitleThesis : There is no reason why female cannot be president of the U.S anymore. Have you ever thought a female can be president of the U.S? If you think the female can t be president of the U.S, which stereotypes or thoughts make you think about that? The answer is maybe a barrier. The barrier can be a wall which the female has or is a fixed idea to exist in the U.S. The world is changing constantly and the barrier about female is also changing in the U.S. For many years, the AmericansRead MoreThe Inequality Of The United States1539 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial aid by the government does help the middle class students to acquire good quality education, but this is not enough as the wealthy can get what they want even if they possess lesser prospects. According to the presidential address by President Obama, the founders of the great nation rejoiced on the fact that America will be a country where hard work will be paid off and where responsibility will be rewarded. America will be a country where anyone can make it if they tried no matter what background;Read MoreSpeech, Speaking, And Listening1198 Words   |  5 Pagesartists are encouraged to use many. It is important for politicians to maintain one voice. Zadie Smith proves this is important in her lecture â€Å"Speaking in Tongues†. She talks about the President, Barak Obama, and how a difference in his voice could raise questions of concern. In one speech, Zadie praises Obama. â€Å"†¦and it can be argued that he succeeded because he so rarely misspoke, carefully tailoring his intonations to suit the sensibility of his listeners.† From this quote it is clear that ZadieRead MoreEssay On How To Change A President811 Words   |  4 Pageshow long a president is able to be in office. The 22nd amendment states that no president should be president for longer than two terms, which allows them to be a United States president for eight years. I would change this and make it where a president could be president for however long the American people reelect them in. I feel that if a president could serve with no restrictions, the president would be able to carry out m ore of the changes they promised Americans, the president will be ableRead MoreNegritude Positive?1108 Words   |  5 Pagesstated Barak Obama, the first black American president. Therefore it’s not our racial identity holding us back, it’s us holding ourselves back! I somewhat agree and disagree with the argument made by the opposition. I agree that we shouldn’t blame racial identification for holding us back, but blame ourselves for not being determined and hard working. I disagree with the opposition stating that equality between the races will never happen. They once said a black man would never be president, lookRead MorePopulation Of The United States946 Words   |  4 Pagesthree institutions; Legislature, Judiciary, and the President. Each institution plays different roles in the political regime of the US. The Judiciary institution that is led by the US Supreme Court has the ability to interpret the Constitution. The Presidency which is comprised of the US President is known as the Head of State, the Head of Government, and Commander in Chief of the US military. The Presidential term is four years and a president can serve a max of two terms. In 2008, The United StatesRead MoreLeadership As A Charismatic Leader1541 Words   |  7 Pagesoffice of the President of the United States and renowned Civil Rights Leaders. The Christian Worldview is shared that good leadership is defined one’s relationship with God and how we treat one another. It provides information about biblical leadership such as David, Jesus, and Paul whose leadership approach is charismatic and remains effective today in many churches. It further talks about the charismatic approaches of men like Martin Luther King Jr. and John F. Kennedy, Barak Obama who swept the

Containerization Cargo and Traditional Bulk Transport Free Essays

What is containerization and how did the innovative use of containers transform the distribution of goods? The traditional way of transporting goods from one place to another was highly labor intensive and goods were in individual crates of different sizes and shapes and they had to be manually lifted and stowed in the holds of ships. As the time passed by, the concept of containerization emerged. Basically, Containerization is an inter-modal system of transporting the general cargo or product in lots which are too small for the traditional bulk transport system, using ISO standard containers that can be loaded and sealed intact onto  container ships,  railroad cars, planes, and trucks. We will write a custom essay sample on Containerization: Cargo and Traditional Bulk Transport or any similar topic only for you Order Now The concept of containerization is considered as the key innovation in the field of logistics which has revolutionized freight handling in the twentieth century. Containerization reduces time in transit, the inventory costs and increases reliability. Such benefits are forcing the industry to make it more favorable in terms of cost, flexibility and speed. As the Internet and other new technologies and advancements are developing, it is expected to bring more innovations which will further simplify the tasks of logistics. The innovative use of containerization has transformed the distribution of goods in following ways: * Goods in lots which are too small for the traditional bulk transport can be moved using containers * It is best option for high-value and delicate cargo as it provides safety from human and natural factors * As containers are moved intact, substantial amount of time and labor cost is saved which would otherwise have incurred in loading and unloading goods * It prevents poor handling of goods that results from bulk transport systems * Containers can act as mode of storage anywhere along the transport route * Container ships provide regular service to overseas ports, thus it minimizes the waiting time * It reduces the transit time which not only offers a means of marketing for the producer that bulk systems cannot provide, but also helps to reduce the inventory costs and increases reliability. 2. What role has containerization played in the development of a global economic system? As c ontainerization is the new way of transportation model, it’s definitely is more advanced and optimum way of shipping the goods from one place to the other. Container shipping eventually replaced the traditional â€Å"break-bulk† method of handling crates, barrels and bags, and stowing them loose in a ship’s hold, a system in use since the days of the Phoenicians. The replacement of break-bulk with cargo containers dramatically reduced shipping costs, reinvigorating markets and fueling the world economy. Due to cheap transportation cost, the countries could engage themselves in a fierce export drive exploiting the technological advancements and lower labor costs which are the major basis for the industrialization. In addition to that, cheap transportation also helped in revolutionizing the supply chain management of the business houses. There had been some major developments like South Korea developed a very strong ship building industry centered on the new ships made possible in the development and introduction of containerization. And also, the major and biggest container ports in the world are located in Southeast Asia. Thus, the credit for the development of such ports in these areas goes to the containerization. Without which, these areas wouldn’t have been developed like they are today. Containerization makes the loading and unloading of goods from the ships to the ports easy and consumes extremely less time in comparison to that of tradition way of transportation. These are some of the major roles that containerization played in the development of the global economic system. How to cite Containerization: Cargo and Traditional Bulk Transport, Papers

Containerization Cargo and Traditional Bulk Transport Free Essays

What is containerization and how did the innovative use of containers transform the distribution of goods? The traditional way of transporting goods from one place to another was highly labor intensive and goods were in individual crates of different sizes and shapes and they had to be manually lifted and stowed in the holds of ships. As the time passed by, the concept of containerization emerged. Basically, Containerization is an inter-modal system of transporting the general cargo or product in lots which are too small for the traditional bulk transport system, using ISO standard containers that can be loaded and sealed intact onto  container ships,  railroad cars, planes, and trucks. We will write a custom essay sample on Containerization: Cargo and Traditional Bulk Transport or any similar topic only for you Order Now The concept of containerization is considered as the key innovation in the field of logistics which has revolutionized freight handling in the twentieth century. Containerization reduces time in transit, the inventory costs and increases reliability. Such benefits are forcing the industry to make it more favorable in terms of cost, flexibility and speed. As the Internet and other new technologies and advancements are developing, it is expected to bring more innovations which will further simplify the tasks of logistics. The innovative use of containerization has transformed the distribution of goods in following ways: * Goods in lots which are too small for the traditional bulk transport can be moved using containers * It is best option for high-value and delicate cargo as it provides safety from human and natural factors * As containers are moved intact, substantial amount of time and labor cost is saved which would otherwise have incurred in loading and unloading goods * It prevents poor handling of goods that results from bulk transport systems * Containers can act as mode of storage anywhere along the transport route * Container ships provide regular service to overseas ports, thus it minimizes the waiting time * It reduces the transit time which not only offers a means of marketing for the producer that bulk systems cannot provide, but also helps to reduce the inventory costs and increases reliability. 2. What role has containerization played in the development of a global economic system? As c ontainerization is the new way of transportation model, it’s definitely is more advanced and optimum way of shipping the goods from one place to the other. Container shipping eventually replaced the traditional â€Å"break-bulk† method of handling crates, barrels and bags, and stowing them loose in a ship’s hold, a system in use since the days of the Phoenicians. The replacement of break-bulk with cargo containers dramatically reduced shipping costs, reinvigorating markets and fueling the world economy. Due to cheap transportation cost, the countries could engage themselves in a fierce export drive exploiting the technological advancements and lower labor costs which are the major basis for the industrialization. In addition to that, cheap transportation also helped in revolutionizing the supply chain management of the business houses. There had been some major developments like South Korea developed a very strong ship building industry centered on the new ships made possible in the development and introduction of containerization. And also, the major and biggest container ports in the world are located in Southeast Asia. Thus, the credit for the development of such ports in these areas goes to the containerization. Without which, these areas wouldn’t have been developed like they are today. Containerization makes the loading and unloading of goods from the ships to the ports easy and consumes extremely less time in comparison to that of tradition way of transportation. These are some of the major roles that containerization played in the development of the global economic system. How to cite Containerization: Cargo and Traditional Bulk Transport, Papers

Desplomarse free essay sample

I hold little more sacred than words. They are the blood of my life; yet I did not fall in love with them because â€Å"they mean something.† It is their vitality which seduced me. The way â€Å"correr† and â€Å"joy† use the tongue as a ski jump. It is their history and formation of syllables. How the word â€Å"aphrodisiac† wouldn’t be here if not for that goddess born of sea-foam. My favorite word, desplomarse, is Spanish for my least favorite meaning, â€Å"to collapse.† But taken literally, much of the word’s art will be lost; the history condensed to four syllables. Desplomarse was born from Latin explorers who first named lead â€Å"plumbum† and in its journey towards meaning, ventured into the Mediterranean. Sailors, amidst the spraying surf, would tie lead to a line and let it plummet straight through the water; the antiquated manner for measuring depth. Decades passed and over in the land of the English, the word â€Å"plumb† became a technical term for engineers to describe a straight line. We will write a custom essay sample on Desplomarse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then these fermenting syllables returned to Europe, to Spain, and with the negative prefix, â€Å"des,† and the reflexive suffix â€Å"se,† the word meaning to â€Å"un-straighten oneself,† reached adulthood. Now the point of this mini-etymology lesson? Desplomarse only exists because of the English and Latin languages. It serves as a blatant testimony of how languages are not separate entities. Although I love the word’s sound and its history, most of all, I love how it suggests maybe the Tower of Babble never existed. Maybe a monolingual tongue is all there is just with a more expansive vocabulary.

Project Management for Personal Learning Portfolio- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProject Management for Personal Learning Portfolio. Answer: Mike Fritz, the director of program/project management at Megatronic has adopted a different approach in defining the concepts of programs and projects for the organization. The approach is totally different from the conventional approach that is used for defining the two concepts. The approach adopted by Mike is good to a great extent. He has simply categorized the programs and projects on the basis of their contribution to the companys business. According to Mike, any activity that is targeted towards the production of the new product in the market is to be treated as a program, whereas any activity other than the program, that is, which does not lead to the production of new products is to be categorized under project head. This is a simple and effective definition of the concepts provided by Mike. It becomes easier for the company's employees to quickly determine whether an activity is a program or project. The concept of bounding box to explain the elements of the program is yet again an effective tool to make the program and project managers understand the significance of association of stakeholders and sponsors in a program (Milosevic, Patanakul Srivannaboon, 2010). However, for any person who has worked somewhere else and where the conventional definition of project and program was used, it might be difficult for him to grasp the new definitions. It might be confusing for him due to his earlier understanding and way of doing work in the project and program management department. The current approach adopted by the company in explaining and differentiating between projects and programs is quite effective. It has clearly laid out the differences in terms of importance, their definition, the elements that are to be considered, alignment with the strategy, the significance of milestones, and other factors (Milosevic, Patanakul Srivannaboon, 2010). The director of program/project management has even explained different aspects of projects and programs by giving examples to new project manager. It has even differentiated the terms on the basis of the autonomy that is being provided to the project managers and program managers. The project managers are simply to get the required outcomes for a project within the time, cost and performance constraints. This is due to the fact that it is a part of the cost center and would not directly contribute to generating revenues for the company. However, the expectations from a program manager are higher, the program is expected to be completed considering the elements specified in the bounding box, the company can afford to sacrifice the scope and cost of the project, but not these elements. The nature of the success accomplished on the completion of programs and projects have also been effectively explained in the differentiation. The success of programs is considered to be important as it is actually a business success which is likely to bring more revenues for the company. This also gives it a priority in getting the resources and budgets allocation (Milosevic, Patanakul Srivannaboon, 2010). Moreover, many of the basis of differences is similar to the conventional point of differences, making this approach more agreeable. The approach adopted by the company for differentiation is wholesome and does not require any changes at least in the case of Megatronics. Portfolio Entry 2 Program Initiation James should select Early Birds, Ltd offer for installing the fire extinguishing systems. There are four concerns that James has to consider while placing the order, namely- total cost of an extinguisher, including installation cost, purchase cost, and maintenance cost, the safety features, ease of use, and ease of maintenance. The costing for the offer made by each company has been computed below: Particulars Fire Extinguisher Early Birds, Ltd. Xtra Care, Ltd Zebra Limited Pieces to be ordered (Total area/Spraying area) 200 80 100 40 A. Total Purchase cost 17,000 13,600 11,500 97,200 B. Total Installation cost 0 0 400 0 C. Total Maintenance Cost (Number of Pieces*per unit cost) 600 550 300 0 Total (A+B+C) 17,600 14,150 12,200 97,200 From the computation made above, it is apparent that the offer made by Xtra Care, Ltd is the optimal solution for the company, Mega security, followed by Early Birds, Ltd, Fire Extinguisher, and Zebra Limited. However, the project manager is required to consider the other factors also which includes the safety features, convenience to use, and maintenance. The safety features of the solutions offered are not provided for which it is assumed that all the fire extinguishing systems are safe while using the new premises. It is observed that the system by Xtra Care, Ltd is very difficult to use which rules out the option even if its costing is the lowest. Fire Extinguishers provides an easy option of using its system but with a higher total cost in comparison to Early Birds, Ltd (Milosevic, Patanakul Srivannaboon, 2010). In the context of maintenance cost, even though the cost would be a slightly higher in the upcoming years (605) for Early Birds, Ltd, the offer made by the company should be selected as the total cost is low, the system has a moderate degree of ease to use, and is safe for the installation. James can further negotiate the costs as Mega Security already has business relations with Early Birds, Ltd. Moreover, it would be delivered and installed with 30 days as a delivery lead time. Therefore, considering all the factors, it is suggested that James should opt for the offer made by Early Birds, Ltd. From a program perspective, this issue of selecting the best offer of fire extinguishing systems for Mega Security is likely to have a long-term impact on the entire organization (Springer, 2016). The primary base for taking this decision is to cater to the needs of all the departments in the company and ensure that the investment made by the company in the systems is profitable. It is advised that while taking any decision where different options are available, the managers are required to consider the major factors that can be the deal breakers. The managers need to prioritize the factors, on the basis of which the decisions are to be taken. The managers should make a log where all the considerations, alternative solutions, their costing and other essential factors should be recorded (Verzuh, 2015). This would help the management in making a comparison as to which alternative is serving the maximum considerations and would be most profitable for the company. Portfolio Entry 3 Program Stakeholder Engagement The case deals with the decision regarding the adoption of new TKS program for General Public Hospital (GPH). The company has to adopt new TKS program as the existing vendor for TKS sold his business to someone else. A new proposal has been presented by Julia Skown and her team which provides an estimated cost of the program as one million dollars and an estimated schedule of eighteen months (Milosevic, Patanakul Srivannaboon, 2010). However, with further research, her team came with an additional feature of new transaction inquiry feature. Incorporating the new feature is likely to further increase the cost of the project by $100,000 and delay in the installation of the TKS program by two months. The core values of the company revolve around providing quality products and services to its customers and focusing on the customers. It is advised that the executive team of the company should take the decision of implementing the new TKS program incorporating the new feature. Even though, the new feature would add to the cost and schedule of the program, but it would ensure more accuracy and better quality to the different customers (Milosevic, Patanakul Srivannaboon, 2010). Adoption of this advanced and improved TKS program would also bring other benefits for the company. This program is one of the advanced programs that the company would employ if decided. The new program with the transaction inquiry feature would have an advantage over the previously implemented TSK programs in terms of scheduling capability, reporting capability, robustness and various other additional features. From the viewpoint of the cost involved, as the program is a new generation product, it is likely to increase the efficiencies, which in turn, would decrease the part-time employees. It would be a user-friendly interface, which the customers can easily access (Milosevic, Patanakul Srivannaboon, 2010). Although it would be difficult for the management of the company to announce the decision of implementing the new program and convincing the customers for the delay in schedule, it is likely that the benefits that the customer would get with the usage of TSK program would outweigh the issues and resistance on the part of customers. It is, therefore, recommended that the executive team should take the decision for adopting the new feature in the TSK program and implement it in the organization. Portfolio Entry 4 Program Governance The concept of program strike zone relates to the implementation of a tool that is used by the managers in determining the progress of a program towards the accomplishment of expected results. This is done by identifying the key factors that are essential for the success of a program (Milosevic, Patanakul Srivannaboon, 2010). In terms of benefits, the program strike zone serves as an effective management and communication tool that enables the project managers to keep the project aligned with the projects goals and objectives throughout its lifecycle. It ensures that there is a proper and relevant flow of information between the executive management and the project team so that there is no surprise behavior and the contingencies are minimized (Milosevic, Martinelli Waddell, 2009). With the proper flow of information, the results indicate that the barriers and critical issues which may cause a delay in resolution and decision-making are eliminated. A program manager can identify at any point whether a program is aligned to the overall goals and objectives or not, if any misalignment is found, the manager can stop a program. Adopting the program strike zone brings a lot of advantages for the program managers and the organization for which it is implemented. The program strike zone makes use of the graphs and basic factors for indicating the progress of a program. It holds a high visual appeal and is simple in use, thereby making it user-friendly. It is flexible in terms of usage and is therefore considered as an effective control and management tool by both the program managers and senior managers (Milosevic, Martinelli Waddell, 2009). It is useful in bridging the gaps and differences that may arise in the program planning, strategic planning efforts and its execution within an organizational setting. It helps the program and senior managers to focus only on the key factors that are essential and would result in the success of the program. One of the most important advantages of program strike zone is that it allows an autonomy to the project team, especially the program managers to get the desired results. So far the results are achieved, the senior managers do not interfere with the working and management of the project; only the issues which are significant or are beyond the control of the team are brought to the notice of the senior management. It helps in setting the boundaries within which the team would work without the involvement of senior management (Milosevic, Martinelli Waddell, 2009). However, there are certain disadvantages of this program also. For example- non-involvement of the senior managers can make the project team lose their focus on the project. There are chances that if the project manager is not capable and competent, it would be a wastage of the organizational resources and efforts. Moreover, if the program strike zone includes too many critical factors that define success, it is likely that it loses its simplicity. From the perspective of program governance, the senior management may face challenges while implementing the program strike zone. Firstly, it is necessary that the boundaries and structure set by the program strike management meet with the processes and practices of the business. However, these processes are dynamic and require a constant change which makes it difficult to make changes in the program strike zone. Secondly, one of the major components of program governance is people who take up different roles in a program (Hanford, 2005). If such people are not skilled or competent, the zone system would not work. Program Theory In the practical scenario, even if it is difficult to clearly differentiate between programs and projects, the program management is considered to be a larger and scaled up form of project management. The programs are considered to cover those elements which are beyond the scope of individual projects consisted in a program. The statement mentioned above can be held true to a great extent. Program management is a wider concept in comparison to the project management. It includes management of a series of projects that are undertaken in an organization with a certain set of objectives that vary in the scope and scale (Milosevic, Patanakul Srivannaboon, 2010). It is basically management and control of a portfolio of multiple projects. It has a greater span in the project lifecycle, that is, it is an ongoing process that takes place in an organization. Usually, the project management has a shorter duration in comparison to the programs; each project is likely to have a fixed deadline by which it is deemed to be completed, which is not in the case of programs (Levin Ward, 2016). The program management requires strategic planning on the behalf of the senior managers and the project managers for setting the objectives and the course for achieving such objectives. Under the project management, the results of programs are linked to the organizations financial calendar. For example- the results of the programs are to be disclosed in the quarterly performances of the company. The projects are for a shorter duration and results of a single project are not likely to have an impact on the overall financial performance of the company. However, if these projects are combined in form of programs, it becomes significant for the organizations financial performance. Program management is a scaled up version of the project management and is governance intensive. As the results of programs are likely to impact the long-term financial performance of the company, they are usually governed by the senior management (Martinelli, Waddell Rahschulte, 2014). The senior managers are responsible for providing direction, objectives, overseeing the performance, and controlling the programs, which may not have been possible if individual projects were considered. The program managers ensure that the objectives framed by the senior board are achievable and any disputes occurring during the course of different programs are resolved. It allows the projects to be more governance intensive by being a part of the program management. As a program is a portfolio of different projects, its management, control, and budgeting become complex processes. The project management is concerned with revenues and costs which are crucial for the financial results of a company, making its management a difficult task (Sanghera, 2008). Moreover, the program management is governed and driven by the overall strategy of the company. Any changes in the market conditions, external environment, or the revision of business goals require changes to be incorporated in the program management process. Due to its large scale and wider scope, any changes that are proposed to be made requires executive leadership skills on the part of program managers as these changes would have to be made in individual projects also. Thus, it is appropriate to say that the program management is a scaled up form of the project management. References Hanford, M. (2005). Defining program governance and structure. Retrieved October 6, 2017, from https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/apr05/hanford/ Levin, G., Ward, J. L. (2016). Program Management Complexity: A Competency Model. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Martinelli, R. J., Waddell, J. M., Rahschulte, T. J. (2014). Program Management for Improved Business Results. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Milosevic, D. Z., Martinelli, R. J., Waddell, J. M. (2009). Program Management for Improved Business Results. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Milosevic, D., Patanakul, P., Srivannaboon, S. (2010). Case studies in project, program, and organizational project management. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Sanghera, P. (2008). Fundamentals of Effective Program Management: A Process Approach Based on the Global Standard. New York: J. Ross Publishing. Springer, M. L. (2016). Project and Program Management: A Competency-Based Approach, Third Edition. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. Verzuh, E. (2015). The Fast Forward MBA in Project Management. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons.